The manipulation of high-quality vector beams (VBs) with metasurfaces is an important topic and has potential for classical and quantum applications. In this paper, we propose a Fresnel zone (FZ) metasurface with metallic nanoslits arranged on FZs, which sets alternate binary geometric and propagation phases to cancel the incident spin component and focus the converted spin component (CSC). The rotation designs of nanoslits transform the incident polarization state on the conventional Poincaré sphere to VBs on the higher-order Poincaré (HOP) sphere. The two orbital angular momentum states of the CSCs were manipulated, and the focused HOP beams were generated. The experimental results demonstrate the broadband generation of arbitrarily focused HOP beams of high quality under the illumination of the red (632.8 nm), green (532 nm), and blue (473 nm) light. This work will be of significance for the applications of VBs in different areas, such as precision metrology, optical micromanipulation, and quantum information.

In this Letter, we fabricate integrated metasurface of encoded dynamic phases and experimentally generate nonconventional Kagome-type lattices of no-second-order phase vortices. The thin metasurface acts analogous to an integration of three conventional optical elements, i.e., six pinholes located at the vertices of two concentric regular triangles of size ratio 1:2, six transparent discs of different thicknesses to introduce a total phase shift difference of 6π, and a Fourier lens with a focal length in the micro-scale. A Kagome lattice with the required vortex distribution is realized at the “focal” plane of the metasurface under illumination of the plane wave.